Intro:
The Rohingya people, a Muslim minority group in Myanmar, also known as Burma, have a population estimated at 1.3 million, with 140,000 internally displaced. Around 120,000 Rohingyas have fled from Burma to neighboring countries like Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia. Despite their long-standing presence in Burma, the Burmese officials refuse to acknowledge the existence of the Rohingya community. Consequently, they are denied basic rights such as citizenship, access to food, shelter, and education. This denial stems from a deep-rooted fear within the Burmese authorities.
The majority of the population in Myanmar practices Buddhism, but there are concerns that the Muslim community may eventually dominate the region, leading to the potential disappearance of Buddhism. The government officials do not recognize the Rohingya as citizens and instead label them as “Bengali,” implying that they are illegal immigrants from Bangladesh. The 1982 Citizenship Law further marginalizes the Rohingya by categorizing them as “resident foreigners,” subjecting them to discrimination and imposing restrictions on their movement. As a result, Rohingya individuals are prohibited from traveling within the country or abroad. However, according to international law, individuals who legally reside in a state should have the right to freedom of movement and residence within that state.
Rohingyas face significant barriers to education as they are only allowed to complete elementary school, while secondary education is restricted to Burmese citizens. As a result, they are unable to access state-run schools and are denied the opportunity to pursue higher education. The lack of education and citizenship further marginalizes Rohingyas, as they are prohibited from seeking employment in government agencies. This restriction prevents them from working as teachers, healthcare professionals, or engaging in any profession that involves participation in local governance.
Local government authorities also enforce forced labor practices on Rohingyas, particularly men and young children, who are compelled to work without pay in the construction of infrastructure and profit-making activities. Those who resist or voice their concerns are subjected to verbal or physical threats, instilling a climate of fear and intimidation. Additionally, the Burmese government violates its obligations under the U.N Convention on the Rights of the Child by subjecting Rohingya children to child labor. This exploitation further exacerbates the already dire situation faced by the Rohingya community, denying them their fundamental rights and perpetuating their marginalization.
Sectarian Violence erupted in Myanmar in 2012 following the rape and murder of a young Buddhist woman by a Rohingya individual, which triggered a strong backlash within the Buddhist community. This led to widespread riots and violent clashes between Buddhists and Muslims, resulting in the death of numerous Rohingya Muslims and the displacement of around 140,000 individuals as entire neighborhoods were set ablaze. Another instance of violence occurred in March 2013, when a minor dispute in a jewelry shop escalated into a deadly conflict between Buddhists and Muslims, claiming the lives of over 40 people and causing complete destruction of the neighborhood. Additionally, in January 2014, a village inhabited by Rohingya Muslims witnessed the killing of 48 individuals by local security forces and a mob of Rakhine Buddhists. It is important to note that despite these incidents, the government denies any involvement in the killings.
There have been numerous brutal attacks against the Rohingya minority, who are considered the most persecuted group. The Buddhist radicals who commit these crimes justify their actions by claiming that the Rohingya are undocumented immigrants attempting to enter Myanmar. It is deeply tragic that whenever the Rohingya community is attacked, the Burmese police and army are present but choose to remain passive observers. Additionally, many Buddhist monks actively support the mistreatment of the Rohingya, which is orchestrated by the government. Furthermore, the state media consistently aids in covering up this violence against the Rohingya, preventing the world from being aware of the extent of their suffering.
In addition, a large number of Rohingya individuals were compelled to relocate to government-established refugee camps in Sittwe following violent conflicts between Buddhist and Muslim communities in 2012. These camps can be likened to concentration camps of the 21st century, where men, women, and children suffer from slow starvation and malnutrition, leading to their untimely deaths. The Burmese government finds it convenient as their primary concern is to eliminate the Rohingya population from residing in Myanmar. Consequently, whether they perish due to starvation or embark on perilous journeys by boat, their fate is of little importance as long as they leave Burma. This is why the genocide and ethnic cleansing of the Rohingya people persist in Myanmar, as they are vulnerable and succumb to the deliberate pressure imposed by the Burmese government.
Since 2012, approximately 100,000 Rohingya Muslims have escaped via smuggling boats, while numerous individuals have fallen victim to trafficking or been sold as slaves. The situation in Burma is dire, prompting thousands of Rohingya to brave the treacherous sea and risk their lives rather than face potential death in Myanmar. The United Nations has labeled the Rohingya as “friendless,” as they find themselves without any allies or support.
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